Project designers who want to use an UPS, or uninterruptible power supply, that requires 208V single-phase power should be familiar with the characteristics of 208V electricity and how they interact with various UPS types.

Because it varies depending on the kind of UPS, because it is something that you may not run across on every project, and because it has the potential to be a pricey oversight if it is disregarded, this is one of the topics that generates the most inquiries.

As was said before, this circumstance does not always present a problem. Even though SEPS has designed the standard component numbers to eliminate any possible problems, there are still queries that need to be answered.

The Structure of the Problem

Simply expressed, there is the possibility of a mismatch occurring with certain combinations of UPS model, bypass switch type, and input voltage depending on the specifics of the setup. All of this is due to the characteristics of 208V electricity and the way that transformers have an effect on it.

Power at 120/208 Volts, Single Phase

208-volt three-phase electricity is converted into 120/208-volt single-phase power.

When seen on an oscilloscope, the three voltage waveforms that are present on the three conductors that are considered to be “hot” all peak at different times; more specifically, each one is 120 degrees behind the one that came before it.

When working with a single-phase voltage of 120/208 volts, you may utilize any two of those same three hot conductors, but the peaks of the two waveforms must be offset by 120 degrees from one another.

Due to the fact that the peaks of the two waveforms occur at separate times, the total power that you obtain from them is less than the sum of their numerical values.

The voltage measured by one waveform is at its highest point when it is 120V, whereas the voltage measured by the second waveform is just 88V when it is only halfway through its cycle

https://youtu.be/r3hSaiIt8-Y?si=izQPkLkS6Bf84Urt

. The total combined voltage is 208V. If the two waveforms were coincidental, meaning that their maxima occurred at the same moment, then you would, as you would anticipate, be able to achieve 240V by adding the two 120V peaks together.

Make-Before-Break Switches Are Used as A Maintenance Bypass.

In the case that the UPS has to be serviced or replaced, this device will open up a way for the protected equipment to be powered by the utility power in the event that this channel is needed.

It totally disconnects the UPS from the power supply, which eliminates the risk of the service personnel receiving an electric shock while they are working inside the UPS.

This switch is required by Motorola for all hardwired uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems because it enables the UPS cabinet to be entirely removed and changed without requiring the protected equipment to be powered down.

The Make-Before-Break (MBB) switch overlaps the power on the “UPS” line with the utility power on the “Bypass” line whenever the switch handle is moved.

This brief overlap does not create a problem since it lasts for such a short period of time; yet, it is essential because it allows the switch-to-switch sources without disrupting the operation of the equipment that is being safeguarded.

Transformer for removing Signals

This device, which may be an integral part of the UPS or an entirely distinct unit, transforms the electricity from the utility company into power that has been cleaned and conditioned.

In situations in which the power from the utility company is described as “dirty” or “harsh,” you should make use of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) that has isolation in order to provide your equipment the highest level of protection possible.

According to Motorola’s R56 Standards, uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems that contain isolation are regarded as independently derived power sources.

(The page titled “Isolation Explained” in this section provides a more in-depth description of isolation transformers; please refer to it for further information.)

According to Kirchhoff’s Law, the amount of power that goes into a circuit must be equal to the amount of power that comes out of it. This includes transformers, in which the power on the primary side (which is the input side) must match the power on the secondary side (which is the output side).

Transformers are only able to manipulate the power that is already there; they cannot “create” new power. If you put 120 volts in, you will get 120 volts out; if you put 208 volts in, you will get 208 volts out; if you put 240 volts in, you will get 240 volts out; and so on.

Putting Everything into Perspective

When electricity with a single-phase voltage of 120/208 volts is fed into an isolation transformer, the two distinct hot conductors of 120 volts are merged into a single waveform of 208 volts.

We need to divide the 208V back into two 120V conductors so that we can power the majority of the Motorola equipment, but this cannot be done since the voltage is too high.

As was said before, the amount of power that is put in must be equal to the amount of power that is taken out without producing anything brand new. Only 208 volts of total voltage are available when the single 208-volt waveform that is coming out of the transformer is divided into two conductors.

Additionally, the peaks of both conductors occur simultaneously. It is impossible for any piece of machinery to make use of the remaining 88 volts of power once one 120-volt wire has been generated.

Because 240V can be divided equally between two 120V conductors, this problem may be solved by setting the output of the UPS to 240V, which is the obvious approach. If there wasn’t a maintenance bypass option for the Make-Before-Break feature, this would be successful.

The electricity from the utility (120/208V) and the power from the output of the UPS (120/240V) are superimposed on one another whenever that switch is activated.

https://www.smart-techie.com/how-to-transform-3-phase-220v-electricity-into-a-single-phase/

A magnetic “crash” will occur as a direct consequence of the disparity in phase angles between the two voltages, which will cause the circuit breaker that supplies power to the UPS to trip.

Solutions

Since 120/208V input is not possible in isolated UPS systems and the UPS output must be 120/240V to prevent the “88V leg,” the input voltage must be 120/240V. If this is already present at the location, then there is really no need to worry about anything in this regard.

On the other hand, if the voltage at the site that feeds the UPS is 120/208V, you will have to modify it to 120/240V. Both the FERRUPS and the 9170+ UPS systems are capable of achieving this goal in their own unique ways.

FERRUPS

Because the FERRUPS incorporates a ferro resonant transformer as the primary component of its construction, every single model comes included with an internal isolation system.

This indicates that any and all FERRUPS models that might potentially be powered by a 120/208V circuit would be impacted by this issue.

When searching for a FERRUPS model number, it is important to keep in mind that models 3,000W and above may be set up as either 208V or 240V source systems, and you will need to choose the one that is most suited for your needs.

The main difference between the two lies in the fact that the 208V source systems use an external transformer, which brings the input voltage up to 120/240V.

You have the option of using the Break-Before-Make (BBM) maintenance bypass switch rather of the step-up transformer. When the switch is activated, the BBM switch does not overlap the output feeds coming from the utility and the UPS, which results in a power interruption.

Because the electricity will be cut off and any equipment that is still running will be destroyed, it is imperative that any equipment that is protected be turned off first.

Because Motorola maintains the position that the protected equipment should never be turned off, not even for maintenance on the UPS, the BBM is not available in any regular model configurations.

If the external transformer is not a solution that can be implemented, SEPS can provide you with an estimate for a customized configuration.

 9170+

For all versions that have a “ISO” appended to its name, the 9170+ comes standard with an external isolation transformer. The output of this external transformer is set to 120/240V, and it may accept electricity at either 120/208V or 120/240V via its various input taps.

Because this transformer supplies the isolation and outputs 120/240V to the bypass switch, none of the two difficulties discussed before is relevant.

Power may be provided to the 9170+ at either 120/208V or 120/240V, depending on whether or not it is fitted with an isolation transformer. All of the problems that were discussed before are resolved when the transformer is not there.

If the location where the UPS will be installed has electricity that is 1220/240V, then you have the option of going with an internal isolation transformer rather than going with an external isolation transformer (for more information, see the component number listings for the Power ware 9170+).

Using this feature makes the 9170+ extremely similar to the FERRUPS, including the 88V leg and phase angle mismatch, therefore it is only accessible with a 240V supply.

SEPS suggests that you do not choose for the internal transformer in order to err on the side of caution if there is uncertainty about the site voltage.

The idea of installing a camera in your bathroom may seem strange at first, but it isn’t. It may be necessary for your protection to have a phone with a concealed camera in the bathroom.

To make matters more difficult, cameras are often bulky and not easily concealed. So, if you want to know how to sneakily record video in the restroom with your smartphone, this post is for you.

Where Is the Best Place To Hide A Camera Phone In A Bathroom?

To begin, you’ll need a suitable and adaptable hiding area in the bathroom to conceal your camera phone. The phone has to be positioned such that the camera has a wide field of view, allowing it to capture the whole washroom. The ceiling, a makeup bag, or the space behind the picture are some of the most common places to hide.

Most high-end smartphones nowadays also have a high-quality camera that can shoot smooth movies even in dim conditions. Make sure the battery is fully charged before hiding your phone in the restroom. When individuals aren’t looking for anything, they tend to miss obvious details.

This Hidden Spy Security Camera is perfect for the bathroom if you require a camera.

To watch and secure your bathroom from afar, this post will show you how to effectively conceal a camera phone. We’ll also go through the optimal camera placement so that your footage isn’t cut off.

Justifications for stowing your phone’s camera away in the stall

It’s important to lay forth the rationale behind our actions first. You may be surprised to learn that the restroom is a common place for individuals to conceal a camera. Several causes include:

When untrustworthy visitors are expected. If you want to prevent them from stealing from you or prying into your belongings. Monitoring their restroom breaks may be your best bet.

To keep an eye on a new nanny or babysitter you don’t trust. You can ensure they are not stealing your stuff while you’re gone and that your youngster is in good hands.

 

To spy on the dishonest employees who often pilfer toiletries.

A concealed bathroom camera may help you respond in time if you have a window in your bathroom since thieves can enter via it.

If you have smaller children and are concerned about their safety in the bath alone due to concerns about drowning or sliding on tiles, consider the following.

How to Hide a Cell Phone in a Bathroom

Make sure you have a good hiding spot before you bring your camera phone inside the bathroom.

Pay close attention to the following details before you install and conceal your camera phone in the toilet:

• Make sure the camera on your phone can capture a large area.
• You’ll want to invest in a high-quality camera.
• Invest in a camera with a high level of water resistance if at all feasible.
• After you have concealed your camera, make sure it works.
• Finally, make sure the phone is completely charged.
• Places to Conceal a Hidden Camera in a Restroom

There are a variety of motives for conducting surveillance. However, it’s important to remember that we’re not in the business of creeping people out before we even begin spying on them.

https://youtu.be/X3oI_jI8oes?si=oLTrdhbpqOhvBsuB

You’d better have a compelling motive to go through with it. We’ll show you some of the most effective locations to conceal your mobile device. Some are more noticeable and others that are less so. Let’s get going then!

1. Ventilation System for Indoor Heat

Put your phone in the air vent to warm it. A nice spot to conceal a camera phone in a bathroom with heating vents is in one of the vents. It isn’t always the simplest solution, but it’s often the most promising. Here’s a quick and easy way to get things done:

 

• To begin, take the vent down by unscrewing it.
• Remove the dust and debris from the vent using a damp towel or sponge.
• Use cardboard or something similar to fill the void.
• Construct a camera stand out of cardboard or comparable material.
• Place the camera 5 cm in front of the edge of the phone for the best photo.
• Tape a phone to the cardboard and use it as a mount.
• Get your camera going and linked up to your streaming provider of choice.
• Try it out and adjust everything that isn’t just perfect (the angle, the distance, the resolution, the quality, etc.) with your first shot.

2. Conceal the Camera Inside the Cupboard

This is the simplest to implement of the first three options given. You’ll need a fully stocked cabinet to just tuck your phone inside amongst everything else within. You may either wait for the person to open it and catch them in the act, or you can leave it open and claim you forgot to shut it.

3. Conceal the camera in the nook of the bathroom

It may seem too apparent, but the fact is that most people don’t go looking for cameras in the restroom, so they probably won’t see it even if it’s there. It will be considerably more difficult for them to detect if you strategically arrange it.

Here are some pointers that could be useful:

• Mount the camera on the wall opposite the entrance; this will make it more difficult to detect motion.
• If you want to keep people from staring around the room while they’re in the shower, don’t install it over the shower or tub.
• Don’t place it near a glass panel.
• If you want your phone to blend into the backdrop, choose a case that is colour or pattern.

4. Conceal It Inside an Item of Decoration or a Planter

The increasing popularity of indoor plants has made the bathroom a prime location for covert surveillance equipment. It’s a fantastic area to hide a camera since nobody will look there.

If you want to avoid having to bother about watering your phone, a fake plant is the way to go. If you want to disguise the camera even more effectively, use a bushy plant.

5. Utilize a Makeup Case If You Have one

Put Your Cell Phone and Makeup in a Handbag. It is one of the more subtle places you can conceal a camera phone. It may be used as a stealthy hiding spot in the same way that a toothpaste box can.

To avoid drawing attention to your phone in the restroom, fill a cosmetics bag with goods and set it up where you can see it from a convenient vantage point. If you put it up high, you won’t be able to see it as easily, but you’ll have a better overall perspective of the space.

6. Hidden from Sight, as in a Picture or a Work of Art

People often decorate their bathrooms with images and artwork, which may also serve as excellent covers for hidden cameras. To achieve this, you may hide your phone behind an image by cutting a small hole in the background.

You may include your mobile device in the scene as well. This will provide you with a fantastic vantage point of the restroom, allowing you to keep tabs on what goes on there while you aren’t around.

https://www.smart-techie.com/10-best-smart-bathroom-technology/

7. Hanger

Clothes-hook-mounted covert camera. Putting a camera on a coat hanger may seem odd, but it’s not impossible. You may hang your camera safely on the hook so that it won’t fall over.

It’s not without its dangers, but it has potential. It’s available on Amazon, and I’ll show you how to utilize it with your smartphone camera in this post.

Pre-installed clothing cameras are preferable for these purposes since they are sturdier when hung from the top of the clothes hook and the clothes themselves do not appear in the camera’s field of view.

Use the hook to dry your garments.

See whether anything is blocking the camera’s view, and if so, attempt to reposition it.

See how long of a recording you can get out of the battery.

8.A camera that Plugs into an Outlet

Place Camera Inside Wall Outlet. This approach requires more effort to implement, but if successful, it may provide excellent results. For this purpose, there are two main kinds of cameras:

Cameras disguised as wall outlets are a great alternative for a hidden camera since most people won’t suspect anything out of the ordinary if you hang one on the wall.

Pinhole cameras may be inserted into the side space of a broken socket.

Conclusion

Most people who decide to install a camera in their lavatory do so for safety concerns, but there are other reasons to do so as well. It’s also easy to conceal these devices in a lavatory.

This post detailed some excellent hiding spots that you may use as inspiration for your own. It may seem that certain locations would be easy to see a camera, but in reality, most individuals don’t expect to be photographed.

It’s not hard to conceal a camera, and if you follow the advice in this article, you’ll have it down to a science.

Some security cameras are compatible with 5 GHz Wi-Fi networks, allowing homes to take advantage of increased data transfer speeds, a more stable live video stream, and a better-quality surveillance feed than is possible with 2.4 GHz security cameras.

Many modern routers are equipped to handle both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz network bands, thanks to developments in Wi-Fi routers and security camera technology. If the security camera uses a compatible frequency or has dual-band capability, then it may be used with 5 GHz Wi-Fi.

For optimal performance, 5 GHz Wi-Fi should be used with only 5 GHz security cameras or those that support dual-band (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) technology.

Less signal interference, increased download/upload speeds, and glitch-free video streaming are just a few of the many advantages users of such systems enjoy.

While some wireless router manufacturers are transitioning to 5 GHz technology, others are choosing dual-band options, such as Tenda, TP-Link, and Asus.

For additional information on wireless routers, including recommendations for the best router for your security camera, see our article, “Do I Need a Router for My Security Camera?”

Is There a Difference Between 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz for Security Cameras?

Unfortunately, not all surveillance cameras are compatible with 5 GHz Wi-Fi. Is it better to go with 2.4 GHz technology or 5 GHz for security cameras? The distinction between 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz is the key to understanding the answer to this issue.

2.4 GHz

Enhanced coverage thanks to a wider range. Cuts through solids Poor data transfer speed susceptible to signal disruptions

Since 2.4 GHz systems employ low-frequency radio waves, they can travel further distances and pass through obstacles such as walls and trees.

Developed in the 1980s, this technology is used in a wide variety of modern appliances, including microwaves, baby monitors, garage door openers, and remote-controlled toys.

https://www.smart-techie.com/can-blink-camera-used-at-night/

Wireless signals to and from a security camera may be readily disrupted by other devices in the home using the same frequency band. There are 14 channels in the 2.4 GHz band (the Wi-Fi router may choose the least crowded channel to connect to), but the signal reliability decreases as more devices use it.

However, if the wireless security camera is located far from the Wi-Fi router, or if there are numerous obstacles in the way, a 2.4 GHz system is ideal.

5 GHz

Rapid transfer of information less vulnerable to noise in the signal Range is poor unless using the 802.11ac wife standard. Poor ability to break through barriers

A 5 GHz system is very quick compared to the slower 2.4 GHz technology. 802.11ax (2.4 Gbps), 802.11ac wave 2 (1.73 Gbps), 802.11ac wave 1 (866.7 Mbps), and 802.11n (450 Mbps) are only some of the cutting-edge wireless internet protocols used by this technology.

Since the technology wasn’t widely adopted until the turn of 2000, there are fewer products on the market that operate in that frequency range.

The weaknesses of the 5 GHz technology, such as poor penetration through solid objects and restricted range, are benefits of the 2.4 GHz system. However, a 5 GHz Wi-Fi router is ideal if the security camera is close and there are few barriers in the way.

What are the benefits of using 2.4 GHz for security cameras?

Due to its simple installation, the 2.4 GHz band is often used for security cameras. Because of this, homes and businesses may have their security systems installed farther away from the router, even if there are barriers in the way.

Do All 2.4 GHz Wireless Security Cameras Work?

Contrary to popular belief, Wi-Fi security cameras may use either the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz frequency bands, with the latter needing more up-to-date wireless internet protocols.

https://youtu.be/tIps6ApNaHw?si=2g3DX8LmP1lX_I5B

Can I Convert a 2.4 GHz Camera to 5 GHz?

The mismatch of frequencies means that a 2.4 GHz security camera will not function on a 5 GHz wireless network.

Switching to 5 GHz networks is necessary because of forthcoming wireless protocol and technology changes. Technologies operating at 2.4 GHz, however, will continue to be useful.

More compatibility between the two networks is all that can be hoped for both homeowners and companies until 6G wireless technology arrives and hopefully fixes the problems with 2G and 5G.

The 5 GHz system eliminates the signal interference that many households see when utilizing 2.4 GHz technology, and it provides very fast data transfer rates. Here are four of the most well-regarded 5GHz Wi-Fi security cameras on the market today.

• Reolink E1 Pro’s

Priced at $59.99, the Reolink E1 Pro may be purchased from Amazon. A blue protective layer overlaid the lens of a Reolink E1 Pro. The design of the app has seen better days.

The Reolink E1 Pro’s dual-band features provide you enhanced Wi-Fi connection. It incorporates infrared technology and 1440p video quality, so you can see well even at 40 feet in the dark.

This 5G Wi-Fi-enabled interior security camera requires no professional installation and is very simple to use. The Reolink software eliminates the need for homeowners to constantly worry about the safety of their children, pets, and elderly relatives.

The optimum use for this camera is to have it permanently installed in one place. It is where it truly excels, making the lack of motion tracking in the pans seem a little gimmicky.

Considering that the E1 Outdoor, its outdoor cousin, has motion tracking, this seems like a strange move. However, the E1 Pro may be the best of the bunch if you’re looking for a premium ceiling surveyor at a reasonable price. – Full review of the Reolink E1 Pro can be found here.

• The Wired Pro Ring Floodlight Camera

The Floodlight Cam is just one of Ring’s many innovative home security devices. To maximize data transfer rates, this dual-band Wi-Fi security camera only captures at a normal 1080p resolution.

With full-colour night vision capabilities and the ability to interface with Amazon Sidewalk, Alexa, Fire TV, and Echo Show, it helps let families better integrate their smart homes.

The Ring Floodlight Cam Wired Pro is a no-frills home security camera with HD recording, infrared night vision, and an audible alarm to dissuade would-be burglars.

A well-thought-out piece of hardware that exceeds expectations with its vast range of smart technologies and app-driven capabilities.

• The Arlo Ultra 2

Can be purchased for $299.99 on Amazon. lack of protection from the elements.

This 8MP camera’s 4K resolution is just astounding. It may be hardwired into a home’s electrical system or operate on rechargeable batteries for up to six months before needing to be replaced when motion sensing is activated.

This wireless security camera, like many others, is compatible with a wide variety of Smart home platforms including Google Assistant, Samsung SmartThings, Amazon Alexa, and If This Then That. Users also like that they may save files to USB drives and Micro SD cards.

The Arlo Ultra 2 is the most sophisticated wireless camera I’ve examined so far, and it costs just a little more than the original while offering 4K recording quality and a far larger viewing area.

This device stands out from the competition due to its superior software and recording scheduling options. By David Ludlow, Author at Reliable Critiques.

• Foscam HT2

Can be Purchased from Amazon for $103.99. Made to be watertight and the Stability of connections improved by combining WPA, WPA2, and WEP. Using two separate audio sources and the maximum size of an SD card is 32 GB.

A dual-band wireless outdoor security camera with excellent night vision coverage is here and waiting for you. Wi-Fi security camera has night vision and can detect motion up to 165 feet away, with a magnification of up to four times.

Its AI is also cutting-edge; it is capable of sending alerts whenever it “sees” a person, animal, or vehicle. Faces are instantly brightened thanks to the high dynamic range. It fits well with Smart home installations because of its compatibility with Google Assistant and Alexa.

A voice-enabled camera is what you need. See what we recommend for Google fans and those interested in Alexa-enabled gadgets.

The exterior is composed of metal, and the mounting hardware and accessories are high quality and well thought out. Unfortunately, not many cameras currently on the market have 5GHz wifi compatibility.

Works with Blue Iris through ONVIF (great!) and doesn’t need a mobile app for setup, but only after a series of awkward and poorly defined procedures. On Amazon, by Keith F. Kelly.

How fast of a Wi-Fi connection do security cameras require?

Assuming 1080p resolution, 6-10 frames per second, and H.264 codec, the typical wireless security camera needs 1 to 2 Mbps of data transfer speed.

However, “steady-state” security cameras use anything from 5 Kbps to 50 Kbps of bandwidth. Wi-Fi with a minimum of 10 Mbps upload and 20 Mbps download speeds are required because of the high density of internet-connected devices in the same area.

What is the difference between 2.4 and 5 GHz in terms of how well they go through walls?

Contrarily, Wi-Fi signals at 2.4 GHz go further through walls than those at 5 GHz. However, a 5 GHz system is superior to a 2.4 GHz system in terms of its ability to suppress signal interferences.

 

How common are 5 GHz security cameras?

Several popular security cameras, such as the Reolink E1 Pro, Ring Floodlight Cam Wired Pro, Arlo Ultra 2, and Foscam HT2, have just upgraded to 5 GHz, the vast majority of these gadgets support both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands.

So why is 2.4 GHz the average?

The 2.4 GHz frequency band has been in use since the 1980s and is thus more established.

As a result, it may be found in a wide variety of appliances and technological advancements, including but not limited to microwave ovens, radio-controlled models, garage door openers, auto alarms, baby monitors, and wireless microphones.

Conclusion

Wi-Fi security cameras may use this frequency range if their bandwidths are the same. Although 5 GHz technologies are beginning to dominate older systems, 2.4 GHz systems should not be ignored by homes or businesses.

Although 2.4 GHz systems are becoming more out of date, they still have certain applications.  To counter this, 5 GHz Wi-Fi is becoming more popular as a means to relay live video surveillance footage more quickly and reliably.